@InProceedings{BrescianiHerd:2022:AnRaPr,
               author = "Bresciani, Caroline and Herdies, Dirceu Lu{\'{\i}}s",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Analysis of Radiation, Precipitation and Temperature Considering 
                         the Aerosols Simulated by the BAM Model",
                 year = "2022",
         organization = "AGU Fall Meeting",
            publisher = "AGU",
             abstract = "Atmospheric aerosol is defined as a collection of solid or liquid 
                         particles suspended in the atmosphere, which influences the 
                         planet's climate through its effect on the radiative balance. Its 
                         effects can be direct or indirect. However, the effect of the 
                         aerosol is still uncertain, which makes it the center of much 
                         scientific research. The direct and indirect effects of the 
                         aerosol result in negative forcing, on average, causing the 
                         atmosphere to cool, as opposed to greenhouse gases. The aerosol 
                         direct effect is observed in the interaction with radiation, 
                         absorbing or reflecting radiation. The absorption of radiation by 
                         the aerosol causes changes in the thermodynamic balance of the 
                         atmosphere, due to its effect on adiabatic heating. It causes a 
                         cooling of the atmosphere near the surface, and heating above, 
                         which establishes a stable layer, reduces the exchange of 
                         sensible, and latent heat, and it may contribute to the reduction 
                         of cloud formation (effect semi-direct). The indirect effect of 
                         aerosols on weather occurs through the interaction of aerosols 
                         with clouds, and causes cooling, in general. The aerosol acts as a 
                         basis for condensation and formation of droplets called Cloud 
                         Condensation Nuclei (CCN). The CCNs alter the formation of 
                         droplets, and ice crystals, interact with radiation, and influence 
                         the optical properties of clouds, alter cloud cover, and 
                         precipitation. Thus, this work aims to analyze the average monthly 
                         temperature, radiation, and precipitation taking into account the 
                         effect of atmospheric aerosols. The analyses will be carried out 
                         for different cities in Brazil, located in different regions 
                         through simulations of the Brazilian Atmospheric Model, the BAM, 
                         for the period from 2017 to 2021. This study used the new version 
                         of the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM) version 2.2.1, the 
                         BAM-2.2.1 developed in the CPTEC. BAM is a hybrid model with a 
                         horizontal resolution of approximately 1.0 ° x 1.0 ° and 42 
                         vertical sigma levels, 32 levels in the troposphere and 10 in the 
                         stratosphere. The BAM simulations will be analyzed in three 
                         stages: 1) Constant aerosol (fixed); 2) Aerosol changing monthly 
                         (climatological); 3) Zero aerosol. The BAM model simulation will 
                         be compared with the MERRA2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for 
                         Research and Applications) reanalysis from NASA.",
  conference-location = "Chicago, IL",
      conference-year = "12-16 Dec. 2022",
        urlaccessdate = "16 maio 2024"
}